EtnoAntropologia

Inégalités. Migrations, crise pandémique, nouvelles pratiques ethnographiques Inequalities. Migration, pandemic crisis, new ethnographic practices

Fiorella Giacalone — 2023-07-31

Inégalités sociales et diversité culturelle: de nouveaux défis pour l’ethnologie de l’Europe Social Inequalities and Cultural Diversity: New Challenges for the Anthropology of Europe

Laurent Sébastien Fournier — 2023-07-31

This article aims first and foremost to retrace the history of the notions of social inequality and
cultural diversity in the human and social sciences. For more than a century, these notions have
been fundamental to sociology and anthropology, but their meaning has evolved due to profound
changes in the context. We will insist in particular on the perspectives inherited from Durkheim,
Bourdieu, Mauss and Lévi-Strauss to shed light on these notions in French academic research.
Secondly, we will show how the conceptions of inequality and diversity are in crisis today. We
will propose some theoretical paths to renew these notions in contemporary European societies,
based on a few ethnographic examples taken from the field of traditional festivals and games.

Inégalités et discrimination: les migrants pendant et après la pandémie de Covid Inequalities and discrimination: migrants during and after the Covid pandemic

Fiorella Giacalone — 2023-07-31

The text reflects on the forms of discrimination that the concept of nation, with the idea of a
hypothetical national purity, creates towards foreigners and non-citizens. Institutional racism
arises as a legal-social sphere that prevents the foreigner from obtaining social and political
rights. This is why anthropologists continue to deconstruct the discursive practices that define
an essentialist vision of culture tending to create a reification of differences. The Covid-19 pandemic
has worsened the situation of migrants, especially in terms of employment, increasing
forms of inequality.

Diseguaglianze nell’eguaglianza. Il ruolo dell’amministrazione pubblica Inequalities in Equality. The Role of Public Administration

Alessandra Pioggia — 2023-07-31

In 1971 Julian Tudor Hart formulated the «inverse care law» to highlight how those most in
need of medical care, on average, receive less, and to highlight the inequities of many European
redistributive systems. Even today, our public administrations fail to reverse this law and the
people in greatest need receive less support and fewer services. Phenomena such as increasing
ageing, economic crises, migration, increase society’s needs and the number of people at risk
of being left without support. In order to understand why public administrations often fail to
intercept specifically the needs of the most vulnerable, it may be useful to consider the feminist
critique of today’s prevailing theory of justice, that of John Rawls. The essential objection
concerns imagining the people who enter into the social contract all as adult, autonomous and
independent. This leaves the concept of mutual interdependence out of the justice paradigm and
influences the behavior of public administrations. It is therefore necessary to rethink administration
differently and in this redesign process feminist thought can provide another important
contribution through the theories of the ‘ethic of care’.

Le travail dans le contexte de l’agriculture sociale: intégration, inclusion et mobilité The shapes of work in social farming: integration, inclusion and mobility

Alessia Fiorillo — 2023-07-31

This essay concerns the relationship between work and solidarity in the context of social farming.
In order to analyse the data collected during the fieldwork, the article examines the anthropological
debate related to the shapes of the work in complex society that shows the historical
character of wage labor separating life and job practices. The ethnographic research, developed
in rural areas of Umbria (Italy), concerns the health and rehabilitation practices addressed to
vulnerable people. It aims to illustrate opportunities to recompose social ties by work inclusion
within the welfare of community, centered on three key words: proximity, inclusivity and
universalism. The analysis of the interviews reveals potential and critic issues of the sheltered
employment but also the construction of a concept of solidarity centered on volunteering rather
than civil and social rights.

Nouvelles et anciennes inégalités à la lumière d’une crise complexe: le contexte de l’exclusion liée au logement et celui des réfugiés et des migrations New-old inequalities in light of the double crisis: the context of homelessness and refugee and migrat

Inga B. Kuźma — 2023-07-31

The text will present the complex contexts of the social situation currently prevailing in Poland. Firstly, these are the migration effects of the war on February 24, 2022, when Russia invaded Ukraine. Secondly, it is a crisis related to war refugees (from Iran, Afghanistan, Syria, and various African countries) on the Polish-Belarusian border (since 2021). Both crises are covered in thoroughly different ways by the media, state, and public opinion. In these cases, we are dealing with a situation that does not create a homogenous image of migration and refugees, neither at the level of social assessments nor when it comes to the law or the state support system. To understand the situation, it is necessary to observe the development of non-institutional and grassroots forms of approach to social and humanitarian crises in Polish society, including those led by NGOs. However, the models of assistance used for new groups in crisis in Poland (war refugees) are largely based on the well-known rules of assistance (homelessness). The question is: to what extent are the two crises compatible so that it is possible to use one type of experience (help in homelessness) to organize support for people remaining in another crisis (war refugees)? This is important in the Polish case, although it applied there the system of public
social assistance, the authorities use only methods of managing crises and social problems, and not solving them.

Manger au temps du Covid: ethnographies urbaine et rurale auprès de personnes migrantes et immigrantes, minorisées, dans le Bordelais Eating during Covid-19: urban and rural ethnographies with minorized migrants and immigrant people in the Bordeaux region

Chantal Crenn — 2023-07-31

This article is based on ethnographic work carried out in the area of Bordeaux within the frame of the European project Food2gather dealing with food and migration. We explore the food practices of people in situation of precariousness, mostly exiles, migrants, undocumented workers, settling in the Bordeaux area, not as a “social and cultural isolate” [Abélès 1996; Althabe 1985], but as part of the global foodscape [Dolphijn 2004; Watson 2013]. This concept enables us to examine the multifarious dimensions of food, from field to fork and beyond, as well as the economic, political, social and symbolic aspects involved. Through diversified and complementary fieldwork methods, both in urban and rural contexts, we investigate the mobilisations and solidarities deployed by militants and volunteers defending the cause of people in situation of migration and ethnic or social minorization. We unveil, through the prism of food, the social injustices, particularly during the Covid-19 crisis. By illustrating how agriculture, food, migration and solidarities are closely interrelated, we highlight how the various food itineraries provide information in terms of unequal rights, social (in)justice and unequal values conferred to lives and bodies.

Quand il n’y a plus de concerts… Les musiciens de l’ensemble Orpheus XXI (Jordi Savall) en temps de pandémie1 When there are no more concerts... The musicians of the Orpheus XXI ensemble (Jordi Savall) in times of pandemic

Alicia Vogt — 2023-07-31

In the context of the pandemic, the absence of a concert serves as a heuristic tool to see what migrant musicians of the orchestra Orpheus XXI (Jordi Savall) in France and Germany do during this time. The lack of concerts impacts their economic income, their daily and family lives, and reduce the practice of their profession as musicians; they develop strategies to compensate this lack. The pandemic also exposes and reinforces inequalities in economic and professional status between musicians.

Pour une ethnographie des pratiques ethnographiques pendant la pandémie du COVID-19 (mars 2020-à présent): notes de journal For an ethnography of ethnographic practices during the Covid-19 pandemic (March 2020-present): journal notes

Evangelos Karamanes — 2023-07-31

Ethnographic practice in the form of fieldwork, its importance as well as changes in approach and method over time within the HFRC has been the subject of several analyses, particularly during the most recent period. The successive confinements and the various limitations to sociability during the pandemic period made it difficult to practice the ethnographic encounter, which was even suspended. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have noticed the formulation of digital communities which refer to public activities by publishing material (photos, videos etc.). Interesting questions arise on the construction of collective identities, collective memory, the conception of time on the basis of lived experiences but also on narratives of the more distant past of communities.

Essere sul campo. Dialoghi e comunicazioni etnografiche a distanza Being in the field. Distance ethnographic dialogues and communications

Antonello Ricci — 2023-07-31

The restrictions due to the Covid pandemic in which we lived from 2020 to 2022 imposed distancing as a social behavior and the use of technological devices to partially compensate for the impossibility of interpersonal contact. Field research was also limited due to the impossibility of moving around the area, distrust of close contact and the precautions necessary to prevent
contagion. Therefore, the question arose as to what was meant by «being in the field». This paper is based on long-lasting ethnographies and on the reflections that emerged following the production of dense and profound ethnographic documents based on data collected through WhatsApp, one of the most widespread digital messaging platforms.

Pandemic soundscapes. Etnografie collaborative e approcci multimodali al paesaggio sonoro del coronavirus Pandemic soundscapes. Collaborative ethnographies and multimodal approaches to the coronavirus soundscape

Gianfranco Spitilli — 2023-07-31

During the first phase of confinement, initiatives focused on the sound dimension of the coronavirus popped up, starting with the perception of the changing soundscape. On a digital level, through web platforms and sound capture technologies, which are also widely available via smartphones, the possibility offered by an almost unlimited interconnection has multiplied the documentation, circulation and manipulation of pandemic sound elements, which have thus become an integral part of collaborative ethnographic projects and multimodal approaches to the coronavirus soundscape.

Vulnérabilités cachées et pandémie: doctorants et masterants étrangers à Paris Hidden vulnerabilities and the pandemic: foreign Doctoral and Masters students in Paris

Alfonsina Bellio — 2023-07-31

The Covid 19 pandemic has reintroduced death into the everyday life in a sudden way. It is still early to know whether memory effects will manifest themselves in the long term. How did a community such as a group of students in Paris, mostly foreigners, react and function in the face of the pandemic? This ethnographic experience is positioned at the frontiers of participant observation. It is an observant participation, which analyses the notions of “vulnerability” and “fragility” from the specific ethnographic milieu of studies in migration contexts, the displacement of young people, mostly from privileged backgrounds.

La représentation de la pandémie dans les narrations Representing the Pandemic in Narratives

Vilmos Keszeg — 2023-07-31

The idea that there are not diseases but rather sick people goes back more than a hundred years. The nature of each disease is expressed in biographical narratives based on individual experiences in each community. The disease, depicted in a personal, epic, and narrative schemes, is no longer terrifying. Two years ago, COVID was scary because humanity had no experience with it. Over the years, the media has covered new and varied stories about the pandemic from all over the world and from all parts of the country. These stories represented the pandemic, its spread, progression, and outcome. By analysing the stories from different sources, the lecture traces the narrative representations of the pandemic in Romania.

Messa in strada. Note etnografiche sull’occupazione dello spazio attraverso la religione tra gli srilankesi alla Sanità (Napoli) Mass on the street. Ethnographic notes on the occupation of space through religion among Sri Lankans living in Sanità (Naples)

Osvaldo Costantini — 2023-07-31

This article aims at analyzing the complex processes and social dynamics stemming from the looking for a space to pray by Sri Lankan Catholics during the long period of Covid-19 pandemic. The focus will be on the social meanings of occupying a piece of public street in the grassroots neighborhood of Sanità, in the hearth of Naples’ historical center. Sanità is a space managed by different power with strong forms of self-organization that rule things without recurring to a formal/legal mediation, creating an urban life so unusual in the European cities. Starting from showing off how this direct mediation works, the article will dialogue with the social science debate regarding how migrant religious groups move within the framework of “local rules” in the use of social space that is also a practice of group affirmation, claiming for the right to the city and negotiating within power relationships.

Editoriale n. 1 - 2023

Alberto Baldi — 2023-07-31

Remoti, distanti sguardi e pur così vicini. Riflessioni in merito al volume di Antonello Ricci Sguardi lontani. Fotografia ed etnografia nella prima metà del Novecento

Alberto Baldi — 2023-07-31

Le donne ucraine nel Gulag. Recensione del libro di Oksana Kis’ Sopravvivere nel Gulag. La resistenza quotidiana delle prigioniere ucraine

Tamara Mykhaylyak — 2023-07-31